“YOU PREVENTED MY SUICIDE”
“YOU SAVED MY LIFE”
“YOU AND YOUR BOOK ARE THE BEST
THINGS THAT HAVE EVER HAPPENED TO ME”
To receive such statements by email is both rewarding and
humbling. Rewarding because it gives
purpose to the five years that I spent writing the book. Five years during which I exposed every atom
of my inner being in an effort to convince the world that my experiences of
voice hearing were valid and not an illness.
Humbling
because the greatest gift that can be bestowed is the gift of life. Humbling also to know that my writing is
freeing the mind of a man who has been deeply troubled for many years.
John, now 45
years old, has lived with inner voices and physical presence since childhood
within a family which, while caring, just could not understand the nature of
what he was experiencing and making him suffer so much. He told me that now he can take my book and
show his parents “exactly what I have been experiencing for all of these
years.”
In a recent
email he wrote – “I keep going back and back to your book, especially Chapter
16 – it tells me all that I want to know – you have saved my sanity.”
The title of the book is
Listening to the
Silences
In a World of Hearing Voices
(Download free on www.royvincent.org )
In it, I
describe how I began to hear voices and experience a whole range of other
phenomena and intrusions into my mind, body and senses. All of which, I am certain, are caused by the
intervention of spiritual presences, both malign and positively benign.
Mostly, I have
concentrated upon the activities of the malign, because these are the ones
‘who’, by their deliberate disruption of body and mental function, make
individuals ill.
In the course of
now more than 30 years, I have encountered many different ploys that have been
used to try to undermine me and disrupt my life, and prevent me from exercising
my own free will. I have recorded and
analysed most of these in my book, describing them in the context of my life as
they occurred. In this article, I have
separated them from the main text of the book in order that they may become a
source of reference in their own right.
Also, within the
book, I write about the many occasions when I have had help, support and
encouragement from benign spiritual sources.
These, also, are placed in the context of my life at the times when they
happened. I have decided not to draw
then from their place in my story because the context is so vitally important
in understanding their implications.
Reading the book will help you to understand why.
Many occurred
within situations that were often very deeply emotional – even soul searching –
and, frankly, I find it emotionally difficult to revisit them – even after so
many years have elapsed.
As well as the
collection of negative ploys gathered here, they also are placed in Chapter 16
of my book on line – referred to above by ‘John’. I always use ’they’ when referring to the negative intrusions simply because it
is often impossible to be certain whether I am dealing with one or many.
1 They
maintain a constant delivery of good, impeccable advice and an ambience of
support, which, at first, is comforting.
However, it persists into every act, or thought of an act or plan, to a
degree that it becomes obsessive, by which time one can have reached a state of
dependence and find difficulty in detaching oneself. But more than that, this can constitute a
form of ‘jamming’ which can cause one to reject the desirable counsel that may
come from a good source.
2 They
create or latch onto a feeling of buoyancy - “let’s go”, “get the skates on”, “have you thought of
this or that?”, “surely that’s more
important” - just an edge of urgency where none exists.
3 When at the start of a day, particularly a
promising one, one has a plan of action worked out, they will put forward a pressing alternative; then if that
is rejected, another, and so on, inducing a feeling of panic and the feeling
that the whole lot will be aborted and nothing done.
This ploy is often used when the
‘meteorology’ is such that a woolly, inert mind is being induced naturally,
anyway. In these circumstances, the
whole day can be spent in a series of feeble attempts at - nothing.
Not a lot is required to break this
stagnation e.g. company and stimulus from a trusted friend, or ‘boot-straps’,
i.e. just beginning on something simple such as digging or other ‘mindless’
activity which does not require precise measurement or decision making.
4 They
will instigate or intrude a salacious thought - either general or about a
particular person. If it is taken up and
dwelt on they will switch
rôles and introduce the supposed ‘exalted one’, whose presence may also be
simulated physically, creating the ambience that one has slipped on one’s path
to inner purity of thought etc. and that one is not being a fit place of
residence for pure spirits.
5 They
create an ambience which suggests that the spiritual ‘top team’ has now
arrived, that one is privileged to be part of it, but at a junior level, and that
in future one will be more a receiver of instructions rather than an initiator
of activity and thought as an individual - a ploy which will gradually erode
one’s own decision making ability, with a resulting state of dependence.
6 ‘Characters’ in this ‘rôle play’ can be
switched until one is uncertain whether it is the ‘good’ or ‘bad’ guy who is proposing
something. (This is annoyingly difficult
to describe - one is aware of the situation as it is happening but such a
convoluted web has been woven that the strands cannot be separated.)
7 A ‘character’ can appear as at one’s elbow
- the cynical, knowledgeable bystander who has seen it all before - nudges one
into recognition of the ploy - poses as a friend, man of the world...
It would be so
easy to have confidence in him,
accept comments, advice, and yet again lose one’s own capability of analysis
and decision-making.
8 Some ‘exchanges’ seem to be promoted with
the sole intent of arousing a confrontational response in me, just to keep me
going for no great purpose other than to inhibit breathing, or they will maintain an endless,
pointless prattle with the object solely of keeping me in a ‘listening’
state. This state causes one to adopt a
slightly hunched, ‘cringe’ posture which can make one feel underdog and not in
charge of what one is trying to do, by undermining one’s confidence. It is also designed to take one’s mind off
the immediate task with the almost inevitable mistake.
9 They
will pretend to be ‘good guys’ being impatient with progress on a major plan or
scheme, which, if persisted with, causes me to react rudely, which, in turn,
can create a feeling of alienation with a resultant difficulty in
re-establishing prayerful intercourse with the ‘genuine’ ones.
10 Pretending to be good spirits, they encourage one to dredge
one’s mind for any - usually long past - incidents or thoughts of an
embarrassing, shameful or similar nature, especially if others are
involved. Or they will encourage
reminiscence about incidents in which others – possibly family or friends -
showed up badly, especially as the result of known or imagined (usually sexual)
peccadilloes etc.
They
will pretend that the persons themselves are present in spirit, and aware of
the thoughts, and will then give the impression that one will be confronted on
death; that everyone in ‘heaven’ will be aware of and condemnatory of all
this. In this general context they will insinuate into one’s
mind a name which is calculated to produce speculation or reminiscence from the
past - often someone with whom one has been close or intimate - always trawling
the mind, encouraging recollections, particularly of a sexual nature.
11 They
can intrude physically and mentally into one’s every moment, delighting in
creating emotions or exploiting potentially emotional situations, until one
realises that attempts are made to create laughter or tears where one is not in
the least stirred up in either direction sufficiently to laugh or cry. Similarly, if the situation arose, they could create anger and
supply the words to go with it in a ready flow.
They intrude into
one’s every thought and action, including the most intimate.
One just longs for an empty space in
one’s mind where one can think one’s own thoughts, enjoy one’s own emotions and
reminiscences without these intrusions.
One develops the most intense hatred of them. One
result of this barrage is that one resents any intrusion or contact, thus
rendering suspect those which might originate from a desirable spiritual source
- they simulate these as
well, so as to create animosity in one’s mind to potential or existing
spiritual helpers.
12 They
will seize upon and try to exploit even the most minor peccadillo, or even
supposed ones, in the context of one’s religion and spiritual growth, and make
it become an obsession beyond all reason, while at the same time creating a
physical ambience of censoriousness.
This can overshadow the brightest company or activity, almost as if
there is a sentence hanging over one - reminiscent of when, in serious past
depression, there existed a feeling of ‘gut hollowness’ which totally prevented
one’s enjoyment and development, much as I imagine the existence of a cancer in
one’s body might.
They
will create around one a feeling of ‘unworthiness’, particularly if the main
thrust of one’s life is towards good. They create the impression that
the `lovely people` i.e. benevolent spirits who normally dwell around one’s
home, or who, they imply,
would otherwise dwell there, are censorious, disapproving, on the point of
departing, or indeed have departed; they
do their utmost to create in one’s mind an antagonism to such souls. One can imagine the inner state of someone
such as a clergyman with homosexual or similar bent whose life is otherwise
impeccable, being mentally and spiritually hounded and made to feel that everything
that he does is sullied - this particularly so at, say, a Eucharist.
13 Before one has had time or opportunity to
make up one’s mind about a possibly contentious issue they will interject a thought so instantly that it could be
one’s own thought. This will be
immediately responded to by an adversary, resulting in the apparently ‘good’
and ‘bad’ guys having a dispute, into which one is drawn without any forethought,
totally and inadvertently, and in a whole ambience of dissent being created.
14 When composing in my mind what I intend to
say to someone, they will
‘offer’ a suitable word where an alternative exists; this is often the most
obvious or best choice, but they
will try to create the impression that it is their choice.
This can lead to a situation or continuing state in which one becomes
reliant on being fed the appropriate word or sequence. If one has not had cause to question the
source but, indeed, believes it to be ‘genuine’ and benevolent, one can end up
waiting to be ‘inspired’ and believing that one is a ‘chosen channel’.
Indeed,
when one is writing or speaking, possibly promoting an idea or cause, they will invade the mind and/or
body, creating an impression of excitement and implying that one has been
‘chosen’ to channel words from an ‘exalted’ source. In the euphoria of believing oneself to be so
chosen it is possible to lose any critical or common sense analysis which one
would normally apply and to let oneself be used solely as a mouthpiece, often
destroying one’s credibility in the eyes of those whom one is trying to convince.
15 When one is driving, they get a conversation going, often of a contentious
nature, or maybe they stoke a current resentment, doing this just prior to the
approach of difficult bit of road at which they
know that one will meet another, perhaps ill-driven, vehicle. In doing so they can entirely distract one from one’s normal safe
driving with possible disastrous results.
16 They
will attempt to build a camaraderie in the car, pretending to be, say, my late
father, sharing feelings about other road users’ style of driving etc.,
constantly working to build up a feeling of reliance on their opinion, or seeking to impress. They
will then attempt to indicate that it is OK to overtake, for example, - it
often is. They are constantly trying to build an aura of ‘rely on
me’. If one did, inevitably the crunch
would come.
This ploy has many variants in other
situations - a simple example could be that of the compulsive gambler who is
led on with successful tips for winners - until the time when he has ‘staked
all’ and then the rug is pulled from under him.
17 Following an incident which could have been,
or actually was, aggravating, or any situation which genuinely could have
provoked anxiety, they will
maintain an ambience of anxiety or apprehension, provoking the ‘low profile’ syndrome. This could happen following a near miss when
driving, particularly if one had been at fault, and has the same effect as if
there was a nagging back-seat driver.
If there are any areas of uncertainty in
one’s future, or possible sources of dispute, no matter how real or remote or
easy of solution, they will
return to them again and again and again, stirring thought, introspection,
resentment and anxiety.
18 When one is examining an original thought, they attempt to muscle in, to
intrude, giving the impression that they are party to it and its
subsequent exploration and indeed will attempt to ‘own’ the new idea. Further, when one is engaged in deep thought,
they will interject a
person’s name or an interesting word that will give rise to speculation and,
unless corrected, can lock the mind in a channel of irrelevant reminiscences.
19 Sometimes very vivid dreams are followed on
waking by a deliberately fragmented conversation, often with the suggestion
that one’s mind is being taken over at a deeper level - if one is gullible one
can be convinced that one is losing one’s mind, or that it is part of a process
by which one will become integrated into the ‘spirit mind’.
20 The moment of waking, or the time of
gradually emerging awareness after sleep is most crucial, for one is then at
one’s most vulnerable. One’s first
thoughts at these times are ‘answered’; indeed, it might seem that one is
already in a conversation. It is
exceedingly difficult to avoid responding, and a dialogue can ensue from which
it is hard to break free. There can be a
feeling created on waking, a sense of being with very gentle spiritual people,
warm, welcoming and caring. It is so
easy to slip into this ambience, particularly if the rest of one’s life is
bleak or fraught.
But, as one is starting to feel ‘cozy’ and cared for, they start to imply that there
are one or two, oh-so-teeny, defects that need correcting before one can be truly
accepted and enjoy this ambience and ultimately be accepted into it after
death. Gradually the emphasis shifts
becoming more needling and ultimately threatening. One’s defects become grossly magnified, one’s
sense of unworthiness exaggerated, and all the earlier warmth totally disappears.
Sometimes an intrusion can be of such a
cold, inhuman presence that one can feel oneself to be totally devoid of
humanity, of love, of caring. One could become either very ill or very evil. It is virtually
impossible for anyone in this state to convey to another the sense of threat or
terror that can be experienced at these times.
This inability to communicate can so increase a person’s sense of loneliness,
of total isolation that they can easily try to seek oblivion in drink or drugs
or suicide - indeed, it is quite possible that in their mind they will be
actively encouraged down some desperate or diabolical route.
21 Physical intrusions can and do occur at any
time, and the differing intensities and varieties are so great that is difficult
to be specific. One example can occur
when I am woodcarving. At these times,
there can appear a ‘heavy’ intruding presence with a ‘working’ mouth of
concentration and with laboured breathing - the conclusion being that someone
`in spirit` is trying to experience what they did not achieve in life. There is also the implication at other times
that someone formerly skilled in life wants to impart that skill. This can present one with a difficult
choice. There are or have been many
musicians, composers, artists, writers and others who have freely acknowledged
that they cannot produce their finest work unless their ‘Muse’ is present
within them, and many and great are the works which have been produced. (See The Unknown Guest by Brian
Inglis). By contrast, I do not want to
be ‘taken over’ - I want to work out my own problems; I want the sheer pleasure of first of all
visualising, and then creating, my own art or craft; I do not want to be the vehicle for ‘someone’
to operate vicariously and to remove the pleasure of my own originality.
I once had a very good sculpture/carving
teacher; he gave advice on concepts and techniques, but did not attempt to
influence one’s individual expression, nor did he touch the work unless asked
to demonstrate, but was always there with advice if asked. Above all, he inspired immense confidence,
and could rescue one from the most depressing ‘artistic disasters’.
This, by extension, is what one would
hope for from desirable spiritual helpers.
Having done much to my house by way of development, and not having had
craft training or much DIY experience, I have, nevertheless been given, by
‘inspiration’, much help - too great to detail.
It however helps me to make the point that there is much support and
knowledge available, but it is received at a much, much deeper level than the
other phenomena about which I have written - virtually subliminally.
There can be a very great danger in
accepting a ‘Muse’ into one’s person. It
can often be represented or inferred that this is the spirit of someone who
formerly was a well known artist, musician etc.. The belief that one has been chosen by this
famous person can be very flattering, but if continued, gradually one could
lose one’s own identity and capacity for originality.
22 They
induce a feeling akin to foreboding (not about anything specific) so that
whatever one tackles there can be created an impression that there is something
more important which one should be doing.
Having, nevertheless, continued with the activity of one’s first choice,
they induce a feeling that
one is doing it the wrong way.
In the same general context, and as an
example, suppose that one had chosen to garden. There could ‘appear’ the ‘good gardener’ ally,
who makes approving noises - or alternatively withholds approval - so that one
loses the sense of one’s own judgment, particularly as in most cases the task
is one which does not require advice or comment.
Again, they offer constant advice on ways of doing a job -
always sound- until one finds oneself waiting for it before making a move,
thereby having one’s capacity for original thought, or consideration of method,
undermined; this happens particularly when one hasn’t previously worked out
one’s plan or technique.
23 Many times good advice is given or factual
statements made. For example, once when
thinking of the herb ‘horsetail’, the specific name Equisetum was fed
into my mind - a fact which I already knew.
In such circumstances I then have the dilemma - is this ‘know all’
approach designed to be helpful or annoying?
Is it meant to be positive and helpful and contribute to my work, or is
it intended to create in me an aggravation at all intrusions, so that even if
there were to be established a desirable, direct and open collaboration, I
would resent it? I don’t know. Perhaps it is again part of a ploy to make me
abandon or lose the faculty for original thought.
24 A ‘heavy’ presence, purporting to be a
‘senior’ heavenly figure, introduces the concept that someone, deceased, does
or will wish to apologise for lifetime’s hurts.
This prompts one to go over in one’s mind the circumstances which at the
time caused the hurt, with possible renewed resentment against the ‘person’ who
is alleged to be present or near at hand and aware of one’s thoughts, with all
thought of apology given or received rapidly disappearing. One could also be led to consider the
apologies that one might feel constrained to want to make oneself, with a
consequent mental rehashing of past traumas.
This, it would seem, is yet another ploy to get a mind trawl going aimed
at bringing to the surface incidents or thoughts derogatory to others or oneself.
25 They will
insinuate a word, phrase, name, thought or picture into one’s mind which will
start a train of reminiscence and which is calculated to lead to yet more
revelations about oneself or other people.
The most remote detail of one’s past is known or has been extracted.
26 When the destroyer HMS Saumarez, in which I
was serving, was mined, a number of my friends and shipmates were killed. From time to time, it is represented, by
familiar turns of phrase or by allusions to known incidents, that one or more
of them is ‘present’. It is suggested
that they have been trained to be capable of intruding and maybe tormenting. This raises the much larger question of what
happens to a mass of people, mainly young men, who have not ‘lived’ while still
alive, who have died in such numbers in world wars: a question which is too vast to be explored
here.
27 It is suggested that the constant intrusions
and my responses to them are training for unwelcome spirits to intrude into
other people. At one time, when the
intrusions were at their most intense and frequent, there were many occasions
in which there was rapid and ‘point scoring’ mental repartee during which I had
numerous occasions in which I felt that I had ‘game, set and match’, following
which the above suggestion would sometimes be made. One automatically assumes that there are
‘regular’ individuals actively involved, with a changing group of
‘extras’. The point is, one cannot
possibly know; a point which is explored as fully as I reasonably can in
the main body of my writing.
28 They sneer at, or denigrate, people by
class, activity, uselessness, aristocratic status, and gender. They introduce every obvious double
entendre under the sun; every possible allusion to a sexual connotation or
feminine appearance.
29 On one occasion a female friend who was
visiting asked me to help her to accomplish something personal and intimate
which she could not achieve because of the difficulties of looking and reaching
simultaneously. Having been married more
than once, and having brought up a daughter and stepdaughter, I have no problem
or embarrassment with female exposure or anatomy; but while I was delicately preoccupied
I felt an intrusion, or more specifically, an insinuation, into
myself. Almost immediately, I was
completely suffused by someone else’s embarrassment, and female embarrassment
at that. ‘Who’ had been persuaded to
intrude and by ‘whom’, and under what pretext, I have obviously no way of knowing
30 Over the years since voice hearing began a
certain number of ‘trigger’ words have become established, any one of which, if
intruded into my mind, is guaranteed to start me thinking about a particular
person or circumstance. Whether I continue
with that line of thought is up to me, once I realise that I have been
prompted, but it is so easy automatically to follow a prompt without
immediately realising that one had been thus triggered.
Some of the words, in no special order,
are: Tigger, up-front, Jacqueline, Alexander, davenport, ferret, Cole Island,
Bosanquet, Nicholas, Setty, the ‘mem’,
31 I had a friend who was a long time a-dying
from an inoperable brain tumour. My
friend was nursed for some time in his home where I used to visit him, and
where one found him obsessed with his catheter and fears about its possible
leakage, and with an array of tissues which he classified as ‘dabber, mopper
and wiper’. Following his death, I went
early to the crematorium and arrived before the coffin. The ‘catafalque’ thus being bare it had a
burnished brass sheen which made it look like some ancient priestly altar, and
as I was taking in this scene my friend’s ‘voice’ in my mind said
dramatically “O Ra! O Osiris!” and
‘chuckled’. Next, as I was checking the
availability of my handkerchief against the inevitable moisture in the eyes, I
‘heard’ “Have you got your dabber and mopper and wiper?”, and a moment later -
“Have you got the regulation lump in the throat?”.
32 Following my friend Val’s untimely death I
was standing shaving one morning and suddenly her unmistakable ‘voice’ was in
my mind saying, “Can’t catch me I’m a bumble-bee”. The sort of joke she would have made.
33 In the field of
bird-watching reference is made to the ‘jizz’ of a bird, i.e. those essential
features which become imprinted on the mind of a keen watcher and which, even
though a bird has only been glimpsed momentarily, nevertheless can lead to
identification. If you think about it,
certain people have ‘jizzes’, and these can be introduced into the minds ‘eye’
and cause one to start thinking about the person, or even to believe that the
deceased person is present in spirit.
One who springs to mind in my own ‘repertory is an anxious, nail-biting
individual. Another is a very keen young
army officer, brisk moustache, winning smile and positively exuding eagerness
34
It is all too easy to dwell
upon the presence of the voice intrusions.
Far more insidious, and possibly ever present, is the mute physical ‘overlap’.
Try to imagine a not quite exact ‘fit’, so that in every movement or
reaction there is just the little bit of anticipation or lag; of speeding up
when it is inappropriate; of not being quite in phase on a turn; of causing
forward movement when there are obstacles to be negotiated - whether by
deliberate intent or lack of ‘skill’ it is impossible to say. When the presence is continuous or frequently
in and out it can become positively loathsome and one longs to be rid of it.
If
you have a copy, read in the Thousand and one Nights the story of the Old
Man of the Sea. Sinbad, shipwrecked
and alone as usual, stumbles across an old man who asks for help to cross a
stream. Sinbad, in his kindness, takes
the old man on his back, and then when the stream is crossed finds himself in a
stranglehold, beaten about the head, made to go this way and that, by day and
night, at the old man’s whim; be-skittered and be-pissed all down his back and
generally befouled.
It
is only ultimately by making some wine from wild grapes and getting the man
drunk that Sinbad is finally freed, and one can sense the ultimate release as
he crushes the man’s skull with a boulder.
Many times have
I wished for that boulder! It is possible from one’s own reactions to
these presences to understand how it is that individuals will harm themselves
in an effort to get at or get rid of this gross intrusion, which is only reachable
within their own body.
35 Listening and concentrating - but not to, or on you, as you
attempt conversation in a crowded cocktail party. The chat in the adjoining group is so much
more interesting to the person in front of you as they strain to catch the
gossip. Their eyes are focused in a peculiar way, directed towards you, but
beyond you.
This, unfortunately, can be the
permanent state of someone whose mind and body have been intruded into. The
intrusion does not have to be overtly malevolent or aggressive; it does not
have to threaten or mouth obscenities, it is just there, a presence in
one’s mind and sometimes subtly physical in one’s body, demanding that one
listen, or keeping one in suspense expecting to be ‘spoken to’, or anticipating,
indecisively, a physical action.
I am reminded of a woman who briefly
passed through my group of friends who exemplifies what I am trying to
convey. While, say, gardening and carrying
on herself with what she was doing, she would say “Listen, Roy....” while she
thought of something to say and hold the centre of attention, and, until I
learned to ignore the call, I would stand in suspense, waiting for the next remark.
Or a neighbouring farmer who has a
son who became more competent and alert than his father, and willy-nilly
dominated him, deriding his efforts, until the father became incapable of
connected thought or initiative in the presence of the son, and dithered,
drawing down more ridicule on himself.
It used to be pathetic seeing the otherwise highly competent father
reduced virtually to a quivering, indecisive, inadequate.
But this can be the near-permanent
state of someone who is dominated by intrusive spirits. A person can be kept in suspended animation
waiting for the next ‘conversation’ or next physical imperative (this last is
the most difficult to describe): they can be ‘coursed’ like a hare between two
greyhounds as one voice says “Do this”, while an equally impelling voice says
“No, do that”. Meanwhile, within, the
body is becoming permanently locked into what, as in our mammalian ancestors,
should be only a transient response to a passing threat
36 On one occasion when I was walking between my house and workshop,
I was physically ‘gutted’, for want of a better word. This was completely spontaneous and without
explanation - none was needed, for the meaning was obvious. It was as if a hand had reached in and torn
out my solar plexus. Physical recovery
was fairly quick, but the mental shock and implication stayed much longer.
On yet another occasion, when playing
rounders or cricket in my field with some nephews and nieces, I was running
vigorously when my legs were ‘kicked’ from under me and I fell heavily. It was equivalent to the most blatant foul I
had ever experienced when playing rugby at school or in the Navy.
37 Once,
while working on my private water supply, which is isolated and out of view, I
was caused to fall by a ‘wrestle’. This
demonstrated, and was confirmed by implication, that I could be caused to fall
and be injured somewhere with no chance of summoning help (or fall in a
dangerous location – e.g. train or vehicle.).
It was impressed upon me that I should always plan where I was going and
what I was going to do, and that if I was going to be alone in an isolated
location, I should ensure that someone was aware of where I could be
found. It was further impressed upon me
that I would get immense help and protection if there was forethought in all my
actions – that if I wanted to draw from the help which is always available, I
should prepare beforehand for such activities as healing and counselling.
It
is virtually impossible to convey to someone who has not experienced it,
the actuality of physical/spiritual intrusion.
Until the reality of both thought intrusion and physical presence is accepted
by those whose rôle it is to care for individuals who find it difficult or
impossible to cope with what they are experiencing, very little progress will
be made in this caring, and the only ‘solutions’ offered will be confinement
and mind-suppressing drugs.
